The present study was designed to observe the effect of different doses of eugenol on platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation in healthy individuals. The study was conducted on 30 healthy individuals divided in two groups. In group I (N = 15), the effect of single dose of eugenol was observed. The group was further divided into three sub-groups of five each and given plain eugenol in 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of body weight respectively.

01-13

The effect of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on platelet aggregation ex vivo was observed in 30 healthy volunteers. Sildenafil, either 50 or 100 mg, was randomly given to the selected study subjects, and platelet aggregation was observed initially and 2 and 4 hours after sildenafil administration. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen were employed as agonists to induce aggregation. Sildenafil, in a single dose of 100 mg, significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation at 2 hours (p<0.05) and 4 hours (p<0.001). Fifty mg sildenafil did inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen at 2 and 4 hours after its administration but significantly only at 4 hours (p<0.05).

14-19

The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with IHD living in and around Udaipur. Fifty patients of IHD (Group I) either of healed myocardial infarction (>6 months) or angina in whom ischemia can be induced by TMT, and were taking 150 mg of aspirin daily for more than 3 months were selected. Fifty healthy individuals (Group II) were selected as control to know the baseline platelet aggregation in the same age group. Platelet aggregation was assessed employing platelet rich plasma (PRP) on optical aggregometer - ELVI 840.

20-33

Effect of physical stress on platelet aggregation was evaluated in thirty patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) - After collecting fasting blood samples, they were subjected to treadmill test up to stage III, and blood samples were again collected. All the blood samples were subjected for the study of platelet aggregation using ADP and collagen as aggregating agents. The study demonstrated that ADP induced platelet aggregation is variably affected by physical stress while collagen induced platelet aggregation was significantly (p< 0.05) and consistently increased after physical exercise, in patients with IHD.

34-44

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction is predominantly a vascular disease and may even be a marker for occult cardiovascular disease. There are reports that PDE5 inhibitors inhibit platelet aggregation in animal models and only few studies presenting in vitro data of human platelet modulation by PDE type-5 inhibitor Sildenafil. The present study therefore, was planned to evaluate effect of long-acting phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, tadalafil on human platelet aggregation.

45-51

Platelets are anucleate blood cells that play a crucial role in haemostasis and thrombosis. They also participate in various inflammatory and immune processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Platelet aggregation is the result of a complex interaction between platelet surface receptors, soluble agonists, and subendothelial components. Platelet aggregation can be modulated by antiplatelet drugs, which target different pathways of platelet activation and inhibit the formation of thrombi. Antiplatelet therapy is widely used for the prevention and treatment

52-74

Platelet activation and aggregation play a crucial role in thrombosis and cardiovascular events. Anti-platelet agents are used to inhibit platelet activation and reduce the risk of these events. However, consumption of the synthetic antiplatelet agents has own adverse effects.

75-80

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors are class of drugs, actively inhibiting the specific target Phosphodiesterase Enzymes (PDE).FDA approved to be used in myriad of disorders such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH), Bronchial Asthma (BA) etc. The primary mechanism of PDE Inhibitors is smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation by inhibiting Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) degradation by acting on Nitric Oxide (NO) led pathway. This role of PDE Inhibitors is beneficial in so many conditions, as cGMP and cAMP pathways are present in numerous areas.

81-90

Thrombocytosis, also called thrombocythemia, is generally defined as platelet count greater than a defined upper limit of normal. The most common cut off for normal is <450,000/μl. Elevated platelet counts are often an incidental or unexpected finding on a complete blood count conducted to evaluate an unrelated condition.

91-100

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to be the most common cause of death worldwide and have long been associated with various psychosocial factors. Depression on the other hand is conceptualised as a systemic illness with neurobiological mechanisms overlapping with various medical disorders including cardiovascular and related diseases. The comorbidity between depression and coronary heart disease is a recognised risk factor for cardiac events including mortality.

101-105